How do echo chambers affect our understanding of the world?

Echo chambers occur when people only consume information that reinforces their beliefs, often through social media algorithms. While comforting, they narrow perspective and deepen polarization. For example, people who only read partisan news sources may come to believe opposing views are invalid or dangerous. Media literacy helps break these cycles by encouraging exposure to diverse perspectives and fact-based reporting. Studies show individuals who deliberately read across ideological lines develop more nuanced opinions and empathy. Evidence confirms that breaking out of echo chambers is vital for healthy democracies and informed citizens in a complex world.