How to identify the False Dilemma fallacy?

Why does media oversimplify complex issues?

The false dilemma fallacy presents only two options even though more possibilities exist. This either-or framing simplifies complex topics into a binary choice. Media outlets sometimes use this fallacy because binaries are easy to communicate and generate strong reactions.

Examples include statements implying you must choose between supporting a policy or opposing your country, or suggesting you either fully agree or fully disagree with a position. Most real-world issues exist on a spectrum.

To identify false dilemmas, look for language that reduces options to two extremes. Ask whether additional alternatives or nuances have been ignored. Recognizing this fallacy helps resist polarized thinking.